EUROPEAN HEALTH INSURANCE CARD (EHIC)

The European Card of Insurance upon illnesses has substituted travel paper E111.

On December, 31st 2005, E111 has stopped to be correct. Since January, 1st 2006, you require the European Card of Insurance upon illnesses (EHIC) to receive public health services which becomes necessary during your visiting of country EEA or Switzerland.

In the majority of the countries round the world you should pay for processing, thus to travellers strictly advise to take out private insurance upon illnesses. The Great Britain has mutual agreements on public health services with some countries which gives the chance to travellers to receive free or cheap extreme care.

TETANUS VACCINE

The tetanus vaccine protects against a tetanus also known as a tetanus.

It is recommended, that adults have received a booster vaccine each ten years.

The standard care in many hospitals should give a booster to any patient with a wound of a puncture which is doubtful from this when it or it was last inoculated or if for the patient was less than 3 lifelong doses of a vaccine. The booster cannot prevent potentially fatal case of a tetanus from a current wound, as can take about two weeks for tetanus antibodies to be generated.

In children seven are younger, a tetanus vaccine often control as an incorporated vaccine, TDap or DTaP which also switches on vaccines against a diphtheria and pertussis.

For adults and children is higher seven, vaccine Td (a tetanus and a diphtheria) is usually used.

YELLOW FEVER

Yellow fever (so called because one of the early symptoms of infection is jaundice) occurs only in Africa and South America. In South America sporadic infections occur almost exclusively in forestry and agricultural workers from occupational exposure in or near forests.

In Africa the virus is transmitted in three geographic regions:
principally and foremost, in the moist savanna zones of West and Central Africa during the rainy season,
secondly, outbreaks occur occasionally in urban locations and villages in Africa,
and finally, to a lesser extent, in jungle regions.

MOTION SICKNESS

Motion sickness, a common problem in travellers by automobile, train, air, and particularly sea, usually causes mild to moderate discomfort but in severe cases can be incapacitating.

It affects up to half of children travelling in automobiles or airplanes and almost 100% of boat passengers in very rough seas.

Motion sickness is more common in women, especially during pregnancy or menstruation, children age 2-12, and in persons who have migraine headaches, but little is known about individual susceptibility.

Symptoms of motion sickness

Sensation of head position and movement is generated in the semicircular canals (angular acceleration or rotation) and otolith organs (vertical acceleration) in the inner ears and carried to the central nervous system via cranial nerve VIII.

ANTIMALARIALS

Chemoprophylaxis is the strategy that uses medications before, during, and after the exposure period to prevent the disease caused by malaria parasites. The aim of prophylaxis is to prevent or suppress symptoms caused by blood-stage parasites.

In addition, presumptive anti-relapse therapy (also known as terminal prophylaxis) uses medications towards the end of the exposure period (or immediately thereafter) to prevent relapses or delayed-onset clinical presentations of malaria caused by hypnozoites (dormant liver stages) of P. vivax or P. ovale.